Gene‑edited pigs show full resistance to classical swine fever

Scientists have successfully developed pigs that are resistant to Classical Swine Fever (CSF) using gene-editing technology, marking a major breakthrough in livestock disease prevention. This advancement could have long-term benefits for pig producers worldwide, especially in regions where CSF remains a threat.

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What Was Achieved

Researchers at the University of Edinburgh’s Roslin Institute, known for previous genetic breakthroughs in livestock, used CRISPR gene-editing tools to modify a single pig gene—DNAJC14. This gene normally helps the CSF virus replicate inside the animal. By editing this gene, scientists created pigs that could no longer support the virus’s life cycle.

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When exposed to CSF, the gene-edited pigs remained completely healthy, showing no signs of infection or disease. In contrast, non-edited pigs displayed typical symptoms and had to be euthanized. Importantly, the gene-editing process did not affect the pigs’ health or development during the study period.

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Why It Matters

Classical Swine Fever is a contagious and often fatal disease that affects pigs. While some countries have successfully eradicated CSF through strict controls and vaccination programs, it remains endemic in others, causing significant economic losses. Outbreaks often result in trade restrictions, mass culling, and heavy financial damage to pig farmers.

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Gene-edited pigs offer a potential long-term solution by making herds inherently resistant to infection. This could reduce the need for emergency disease response, cut costs associated with vaccination and biosecurity, and help stabilize pork markets in CSF-prone regions.

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What Farmers Should Know

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• Production Benefits: CSF-resistant pigs could improve herd health, reduce losses during outbreaks, and lower long-term disease management costs.
• Availability: These pigs are not yet commercially available. Before entering the market, the gene-edited animals must undergo further studies and gain regulatory approval in each country.
• Ongoing Needs: Even with gene-edited resistance, farms will still need strong biosecurity and surveillance systems. The technology protects pigs from CSF, but not other diseases or infection sources.
• Market Impact: If approved and adopted, these animals could reduce the need for CSF vaccines and lessen the economic impact of outbreaks. However, trade partners’ acceptance of gene-edited livestock will play a major role in adoption.

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What’s Next?

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Researchers plan to conduct additional studies to assess the pigs' long-term performance, reproduction, and potential side effects. Regulatory approval processes vary by country, and gaining consumer acceptance—especially in export markets—will be another hurdle.

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While gene-editing presents exciting possibilities, experts emphasize that it is one tool among many. Farm-level biosecurity, disease monitoring, and animal welfare practices remain essential parts of any disease prevention strategy.

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